Symptoms can be as mild as just a runny nose, but complications such as asthma exacerbations, otitis media, and. After duplicates were removed the search results were imported into Covidence, a web- based software platform that. Lau SKP, Yip CCY, Tsoi H-W, Lee RA, So. L-Y, Lau Y-L, et al. Clinical features.
Adobe Illustrator Cs3 Keygen Download Pc. Coronaviruses are responsible for upper and lower respiratory tract infections in humans. It is estimated that 1 to 10% of the population suffers annually from cold-like symptoms related to infection with human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63), an alphacoronavirus.
The nucleocapsid (N) protein, the major structural component of the capsid, facilitates RNA packing, links the capsid to the envelope, and is also involved in multiple other processes, including viral replication and evasion of the immune system. Although the role of N protein in viral replication is relatively well described, no structural data are currently available regarding the N proteins of alphacoronaviruses. Moreover, our understanding of the mechanisms of RNA binding and nucleocapsid formation remains incomplete. In this study, we solved the crystal structures of the N- and C-terminal domains (NTD, residues 10 to 140, and CTD, residues 221 to 340, respectively) of the N protein of HCoV-NL63, both at a 1.5-Å resolution.
Based on our structure of NTD solved here, we proposed and experimentally evaluated a model of RNA binding. The structure of the CTD reveals the mode of N protein dimerization. Overall, this study expands our understanding of the initial steps of N protein-nucleic acid interaction and may facilitate future efforts to control the associated infections. IMPORTANCE Coronaviruses are responsible for the common cold and other respiratory tract infections in humans.
According to multiple studies, 1 to 10% of the population is infected each year with HCoV-NL63. Viruses are relatively simple organisms composed of a few proteins and the nucleic acids that carry the information determining their composition. The nucleocapsid (N) protein studied in this work protects the nucleic acid from the environmental factors during virus transmission. This study investigated the structural arrangement of N protein, explaining the first steps of its interaction with nucleic acid at the initial stages of virus structure assembly. The results expand our understanding of coronavirus physiology and may facilitate future efforts to control the associated infections.
INTRODUCTION Coronaviruses are single-stranded (+) RNA viruses named after the corona of the sun, which they resemble in electron micrographs (). The subfamily Coronavirinae contains four genera, but only alpha- and betacoronaviruses are known to infect humans. Coronaviruses cause a variety of diseases in animals, but in humans, they are associated only with respiratory tract infections of various severities. Low-pathogenic species (LPCs) are estimated to be responsible for up to 30% of all respiratory tract infections, causing severe disease mostly in infants, young children, and elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Currently, no specific agents or vaccines are available to target coronaviruses. The first human coronaviruses (HCoVs) to be identified, HCoV-229E and -OC43, were characterized in the 1960s, and for almost 40 years they were believed to be the sole representatives of this family in humans (, ). Studies prompted by the 2002/2003 emergence of a novel coronavirus responsible for atypical pneumonia with a high fatality rate (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus [SARS-CoV]) (,) resulted in the identification of two further human LPCs (HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-HKU1) (, ).